https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viscosity
The
viscosity of a
fluid is a measure of its
resistance to gradual deformation by
shear stress or
tensile stress.
[1] For liquids, it corresponds to the informal concept of "thickness"; for example,
honey has a much higher viscosity than
water.
[2]
Viscosity is a property of the fluid which opposes the relative motion between the two surfaces of the fluid in a fluid that are moving at different
velocities. When the fluid is forced through a tube, the particles which compose the fluid generally move more quickly near the tube's axis and more slowly near its walls; therefore some
stress (such as a
pressure difference between the two ends of the tube) is needed to overcome the friction between particle layers to keep the fluid moving. For a given velocity pattern, the stress required is proportional to the fluid's viscosity.
A fluid that has no resistance to shear stress is known as an
ideal or
inviscid fluid. Zero viscosity is observed only at
very low temperatures in
superfluids. Otherwise, all fluids have positive viscosity, and are technically said to be viscous or viscid. In common parlance, however, a liquid is said to be
viscous if its viscosity is substantially greater than that of water, and may be described as
mobile if the viscosity is noticeably less than water. A fluid with a relatively high viscosity, such as
pitch, may appear to be a
solid.