When men were men and loggers were all skinny (even when they typically ate 10,000 calories a day). There were called high wheels... used in west coast logging and horse drawn. Old school kidders.
When they could, they used log flumes to run logs downstream. Where I lived in Southern Oregon, there was a log flume run built about 100 years previous from upstream of us starting at a rough saw mill and leading down to a mill in town about 10 miles away. The flume was long gone, but the berms and levies were still there.
On that property were still high wheel the horse logging ruts and some old springboard 'stumps'. The DF 'stumps' were 6 feet DBH and 20 feet tall. This is what they did to get up to fall trees then, using spring boards.
This is a typical rough saw mill that they had in Southern Oregon. Was said that just about every draw there had a mill in it at one time or other. They moved these around a lot. Some were used just to rough cut logs to get them down the flumes or onto rail cars. Others were set up to cut planks and framing for log flumes or RR ties to build the means to get the logs out of where they were logging.
This is a mill that was in Mendocino Co. but is typical of a river mill on the west coast. Rail lines meet rivers, and lots of log rafts. Even when I was a kid there were miles and miles of log rafts on the Colombia and Willamette Rivers here, being pulled by tugs or lashed to piers and docks. They were everywhere.
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